The Housing Finance System

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A. Primary Housing Finance Market

A.1 Industry Structure and Performance
VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
Number of firms originating and funding mortgage loans  13
Country Editor
A.1.1
Types of originating lenders/market share:A.1.2
Universal/ commercial banks  94.79% of total
Country Editor
A.1.2.1
Other depository institutions (savings and loans/mutual savings and credit institutions)  .74% of total
Country Editor
A.1.2.2
Non-depository financial institutions specialized in housing finance  4.47% of total
Country Editor
A.1.2.3
General non-depository financial institutions  0% of total
Country Editor
A.1.2.4
Others (e.g. insurance co, pension funds, labor tax funds)  0% of total
Country Editor
A.1.2.5
Identify the 3 largest loan originating lenders  Khan Bank, TDBank, Golomt Bank
Country Editor
A.1.3
Are there (quasi) public mortgage lenders:  Yes
Country Editor
A.1.4
Universal/ commercial banks  Yes
Country Editor
A.1.4.1
Other depository institutions (savings and loans/mutual savings and credit institutions)  No
Country Editor
A.1.4.2
Non-depository financial institutions specialized in housing finance  Yes
Country Editor
A.1.4.3
General non-depository financial institutions  No
Country Editor
A.1.4.4
Others (e.g. insurance co, pension funds, labor tax funds)  Yes
Country Editor
A.1.4.5
Typical lending spreads for mortgages  1.98%
Country Editor
A.1.5
Level of Non-Performing Mortgage Loans (90 days or more past due):A.1.6
as a % of outstanding loan amount  1.8%
Country Editor
A.1.6.2
Average 1997-2007 A.1.7
A.2 Size of Mortgage Finance Sector
VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year in millions of USD:  1,752.36 USD (millions)
Bank of Mongolia
A.2.1
Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year as % of GDP (current)  15.74%
Bank of Mongolia
A.2.1.1
and as % of all credits outstanding  31.51%
Bank of Mongolia
A.2.1.2
Total # of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year  93.1 thousand
Bank of Mongolia
A.2.2
Total amount of home mortgages made in calendar year in millions of USD  496.19 USD (millions)
Country Editor
A.2.3
and as % of GDP (current)   4.46%
Country Editor
A.2.3.1
and as % of all credits originated in calender year  8.52%
Country Editor
A.2.3.2
Total # of home mortgage originations made in calendar year  10.5 thousand
Country Editor
A.2.4
A.3 Housing Finance Products
VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
Mortgage products as % of all mortgages (approx.) in local currency:A.3.1
Fixed rate for life of loan  Not availableA.3.1.1
Variable rate/indexed  Not availableA.3.1.2
Variable rate/discretionary  Not availableA.3.1.3
Loans based on foreign currency as % of all mortgage products  7.96%A.3.2
Most prevalent type of foreign currency mortgage used:A.3.3
Fixed rate for life of loan  8.38%A.3.3.1
Variable rate/indexed   59.31%A.3.3.2
Variable rate/discretionary  32.31%A.3.3.3
Most frequent interest rates on fully amortizing:A.3.4
Typical lender fees associated with mortgage origination: A.3.6
Fixed in amount   11.15 USD A.3.6.1
as % of loan amount  1%
Country Editor
A.3.6.2
Typical third party fees associated with mortgage origination:A.3.7
Loan-to-Value (LTV) on first mortgage: A.3.8
Maximum LTV  70%
Country Editor
A.3.8.1
Typical LTV at origination  56
Country Editor
A.3.8.2
Maximum term over which pmt is calculated?   30 years
Country Editor
A.3.9
Mortgage pmt-to-income ratio A.3.10
Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (HH income)  45%
Country Editor
A.3.10.1
Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income)  45%
Country Editor
A.3.10.2
Typical pmt-to-income ratio (HH income)  45%
Country Editor
A.3.10.3
Typical pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income)  45%
Country Editor
A.3.10.4
A.4 Lending and Servicing Process
VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
Does the mortgage industry use standard principles/guidelines for underwriting?  Yes
Country Editor
A.4.1
Which institutions define underwriting rules? A.4.2
Central Bank/Ministry of Finance  Yes
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A.4.2.1
Secondary market facility  Yes
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A.4.2.2
Major Lender  Yes
Country Editor
A.4.2.3
Other  No
Country Editor
A.4.2.4
Are loan originations conducted by others than employees of lenders?  No
Country Editor
A.4.3
% of Originations done by brokers  0%
Country Editor
A.4.3.1
% of Originations done on the internet  0%
Country Editor
A.4.3.2
Others (Specify in Notes)  0%
Country Editor
A.4.3.3
% of appraisals done by employees of lenders  100%
Country Editor
A.4.4
Do third party servicing institutions exist?   No
Country Editor
A.4.5
% of loans serviced by originators/lenders  100%
Country Editor
A.4.6
A.5 Credit Risk Assessment
VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
Do credit bureaus exist?   YesA.5.2
Are there legal/regulatory constraints to gaining access to credit information?  Yes
Country Editor
A.5.2.1
Are credit guarantee systems used?   Yes
Country Editor
A.5.4
Is there public sponsored MI / guarantee?  No
Country Editor
A.5.5
B. Funding Sources for Mortgages and the Secondary Mortgage Market
VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
What are the main funding sources for mortgages?B.1
Retail funding (deposits/other)  secondary
Country Editor
B.1.1
Wholesale funding: loans from other banks or corporations  tertiary
Country Editor
B.1.2
Funding through mortgage bonds   quaternary
Country Editor
B.1.3
Funding through securitization of mortgages  primary
Country Editor
B.1.4
Other   quinary
Country Editor
B.1.5
What % of Residential Mortgage Backed Securities is issued by centralized conduit or liquidity facility?   100%
Country Editor
B.2
Who are the investors in RMBS?  Banks
Country Editor
B.3
What is the proportion of RMBS in the overall private securities market?  .92%
Country Editor
B.4
C. Housing Microfinance
VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
Are non-collateralized housing micro-finance loans offered?   Yes
Country Editor
C.1
Types of lenders operating in the housing micro-finance (HMF) sector:C.2
Commercial banks  Yes
Country Editor
C.2.1
Specialized non-depository MFIs   Yes
Country Editor
C.2.2
NGOs  Yes
Country Editor
C.2.3
Others  Yes
MMC Staff
C.2.4
Level of NPLs (>90 days past due) in HMFC.4
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Notes: LTV = 90%
Notes: The seller must pay property tax, which is 2% of gross sales amount of property.
Notes: Between $256 - $340. IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2007 used (MNT 1,170.38 = 1 USD).
Notes: LTV = 90%
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The seller must pay property tax, which is 2% of gross sales amount of property.
Notes: 10% tax return for mortgages up to 30 million MNT ($23,706 USD, using average 2011 exchange rate)
Notes: 10% tax return for mortgages up to 30 million MNT ($23,706 USD, using average 2011 exchange rate)
Notes: 10% tax return for mortgages up to 30 million MNT ($23,706 USD, using average 2011 exchange rate)
Notes: 10% tax return for mortgages up to 30 million MNT ($23,706 USD, using average 2011 exchange rate)
Notes: 10% tax return for mortgages up to 30 million MNT ($23,706 USD, using average 2011 exchange rate)
Notes: 10% tax return for mortgages up to a certain price point
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2010 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 2015 = 100
Notes: 70%
Notes: 70%
Notes: 70%
Notes: Actual number is -10.13%
Notes: Actual number is -11.23%
Notes: Actual number is -11.92%
Notes: Actual number is -13.82%
Notes: Actual number is -252.60%
Notes: Actual number is -69.60%
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Average price of 1 sq. m
Notes: Between $256 - $340. IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2007 used (MNT 1,170.38 = 1 USD).
Notes: Between 0.2% and 1.0%
Notes: Between 0.2% and 1.0%
Notes: Between 0.2% and 1.0%
Notes: Between 1 and 12 months.
Notes: Between 1 and 12 months.
Notes: Between 1 and 12 months.
Notes: Between 1 and 12 months.
Notes: Between 1 and 12 months.
Notes: Between 18 and 54 sq. mt
Notes: Between 18 and 54 sq. mt
Notes: Between 18 and 54 sq. mt
Notes: Between 18 and 54 sq. mt
Notes: Between 18 and 54 sq. mt
Notes: Between 2% - 30%.
Notes: Between 2% - 30%.
Notes: Between 2% - 30%.
Notes: Between 2%- 30%
Notes: Between 2%- 30%
Notes: Between 3.47-13.8 USD.
Notes: Between 4.27-17.1 USD.
Notes: Between 8.54-21.36 USD.
Notes: Credit Risk Insurance
Notes: Credit Risk Insurance
Notes: Credit Risk Insurance
Notes: Debt to income - 45%
Notes: Debt to income - 45%
Notes: Debt to income - 45%
Notes: Figure is approximate.
Notes: Figure is approximate.
Notes: Figure is approximate.
Notes: Figure is approximate.
Notes: Figure is approximate.
Notes: Financial aid from domestic and foreign investors selected by the project.
Notes: Financial aid from domestic and foreign investors selected by the project.
Notes: Financial aid from domestic and foreign investors selected by the project.
Notes: From the WEO Estimate Start after 2021
Notes: From the WEO Estimate Start after 2021
Notes: From the WEO Estimate Start after 2021
Notes: From the WEO Estimate Start after 2021
Notes: From the WEO Estimate Start after 2021
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2008 used (MNT 1,169.26 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2008 used (MNT 1,169.26 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2009 used (MNT 1,345.21 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2009 used (MNT 1,440.59 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2009 used (MNT 1,440.59 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2010 used (MNT 1345.21 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2011 used (MNT 1,265.52 = 1 USD)
Notes: IMF annual average market exchange rate for 2011 used (MNT 1265.52 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF average market exchange rate for December 2010 used (MNT 1,345.21 = 1 USD).
Notes: IMF average market exchange rate for December 2011 used (MNT 1,265.52 = 1 USD).
Notes: LTV = 90%
Notes: LTV = 90%
Notes: LTV = 90%
Notes: Mongolian Housing Finance Corporation
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The government of Mongolia and its commissions officially set the monthly minimum wage amount.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The Mongolian National Statistic office does not estimate the median national annual household income. This figure refers to the average estimated household income.
Notes: The National statistics committee of Mongolia has changed 2016's data.
Notes: The seller must pay property tax, which is 2% of gross sales amount of property.
Notes: The seller must pay property tax, which is 2% of gross sales amount of property.
Notes: The seller must pay property tax, which is 2% of gross sales amount of property.
Notes: Treasury bill (Interest rate) for 1 week from Bank of Mongolia (Policy rate)
Notes: Value is 115.71%
Notes: Value is 134.37%
Notes: Value is 279.22%
Notes: Value is 280.20%
Notes: Value is 300.00%
Notes: Value is 300.00%
Notes: Value is 362.50%
Notes: Value is 400.00%